coriolis effect

Thân thiện

A globe on a desk shows the Coriolis effect with arrows curving across its surface.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A physical phenomenon in a rotating system: The Coriolis effect is an inertial force observed in a rotating frame of reference. It causes a moving object to be deflected from its straight-line path. The deflection is perpendicular to both the object's direction of motion and the axis of rotation of the frame.
   • A key influence on Earth's systems: On the rotating Earth, this effect deflects freely moving objects (like air masses or ocean currents) to the right of their direction of motion in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • The Coriolis effect is responsible for the rotation of large-scale weather systems like hurricanes.
  • Artillery officers must account for the Coriolis effect to accurately aim long-range projectiles.
  • Oceanographers study how the Coriolis effect influences major ocean current patterns.

Advanced Usage

• "The Coriolis effect is negligible": Used to describe situations where the effect is too small to be significant, such as for small-scale or short-duration motions.
  • For water draining from a sink, the Coriolis effect is negligible compared to the influence of the basin's shape.
• "Under the influence of the Coriolis effect": Describes a system or object whose motion is being altered by this phenomenon.
  • Air flowing from high to low pressure is deflected under the influence of the Coriolis effect, forming geostrophic winds.

Variants and Related Words

• Coriolis force (n): The apparent force that causes the deflection described by the Coriolis effect. Often used interchangeably in a general context, though "force" refers to the cause and "effect" to the observable result.
  • The Coriolis force is an inertial force, not a true force like gravity.
• Coriolis acceleration (n): The acceleration produced by the Coriolis force.
  • The equations of motion on a rotating planet include a term for Coriolis acceleration.

Synonyms

• Coriolis deflection: A less common term emphasizing the resulting change in path.
• Rotational deflection: A descriptive, non-technical synonym highlighting the cause.

Related Phrases

• "Deflected by the Coriolis effect": A common phrase describing the outcome.
  • Trade winds are deflected by the Coriolis effect, contributing to their easterly direction.
• "Due to the Coriolis effect": A phrase used to attribute a cause.
  • The difference in cyclone rotation between hemispheres is due to the Coriolis effect.

Related Concepts

• Inertial frame of reference: A non-accelerating frame where Newton's laws hold simply; the Coriolis effect does not appear in such a frame.
• Rotating frame of reference: An accelerating frame, like the Earth, where the Coriolis effect is observed as an apparent force.
• Geostrophic flow/balance: A state of equilibrium in fluid dynamics where the pressure gradient force is balanced by the Coriolis effect, leading to flow parallel to isobars.

Học thuật

Noun

1. (physics) an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation; on Earth the Coriolis effect deflects moving bodies to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere

Từ đồng nghĩa

• coriolis effect